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ROI Formula, Explained

Three formulas cover 95% of real small-business ROI questions: simple ROI, payback period, and annualised ROI. Here's each one with a worked example — and a live calculator to plug in your own numbers.
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Quick ROI Calculator

Rough baseline. The full modeler factors in running costs, tax & depreciation.

Horizon

Net gain (12 mo)

+£20,000

Payback

4.0 mo

Total ROI (indicative)

+200.0%

Annualised

+200.0%

Go deeperUnlock the full industry modeler

1. Simple ROI formula

ROI % = ((Total return − Initial investment) ÷ Initial investment) × 100

Example: spend £10,000, get back £15,000 → ROI = ((15,000 − 10,000) ÷ 10,000) × 100 = 50%.

2. Payback period formula

Payback (months) = Initial investment ÷ Monthly net benefit

Example: £10,000 spend, £2,500 extra monthly profit → Payback = 10,000 ÷ 2,500 = 4 months. Lower is better; under 12 months is usually a green light for SMEs.

3. Annualised ROI formula

Annualised ROI = ((Total return ÷ Initial investment)^(1 / years)) − 1

Example: £10,000 in, £15,000 out over 2 years → ((15,000 ÷ 10,000)^(1/2)) − 1 = ~22.5% per year. The same total return spread over 5 years annualises to only ~8.4% per year — important context when comparing investments with different horizons.

Which formula should you use?

  • Quick gut check → Simple ROI
  • Cash-flow conversation → Payback period
  • Comparing options over different time horizons → Annualised ROI

ROIify shows all three at once so you don't have to pick blind. For a fuller picture (tax relief, depreciation, running costs, risk scenarios) open the full industry modeler.

Frequently asked questions

What is the ROI formula?

ROI % = ((Total return − Initial investment) ÷ Initial investment) × 100. Multiply by 100 to express it as a percentage.

What is the annualised ROI formula?

Annualised ROI = ((Total return ÷ Initial investment)^(1 / years)) − 1. This is the compound growth rate equivalent of the total ROI.

What is the payback period formula?

Payback (months) = Initial investment ÷ Monthly net benefit. It tells you how long until the investment pays for itself in cash terms.

Is the ROI formula the same as profit margin?

No. Profit margin is profit as a percentage of revenue. ROI is gain as a percentage of the amount invested. A high-margin product can still be a poor ROI if it required heavy upfront investment.

Go deeperOpen the full industry modeler